The Revokable Trust: Is it Really Revocable?

The revokable trust, really spelled as the revocable trust, or the revocable living trust, but many refer to as the revokable trust or the revokable living trust, is a very popular and common estate planning tool. But is it really revocable? You may be surprised.

First off, what makes it a revokable trust? Basically, the right to revoke means the right to terminate the trust as to one or all of the assets that are held in the trust.

If the trust is a revokable trust, it also includes the right to modify the terms of the trust.

However, what many people often don't realize, until it is too late, is that many revokable trusts contain language that converts the revokable trust, in whole or in part, into one or more irrevocable trusts.

This is done usually through the use of the AB irrevocable trust language many revokable trusts contain. This is done typically after one spouse dies and is used for estate tax planning. You can find more information about the AB irrevocable trust at: http://www.LivingTrustSecrets.com which contains many will and trust resources.

Another way the revokable trust becomes irrevocable is when a parent dies and passes property to a trust for a minor child.

It is important to understand if your revokable living trust becomes an irrevocable trust. You may impose obligations on others that you are unaware of. Read the document and if you have questions, consult a competent attorney.

Good luck and until next time,

Phil Craig

P.S. Feel free to forward this on to any friends.

Phil Craig is a licensed attorney and entrepreneur. He started practicing law at age 25 in 1979. He does not take on any more clients, but is advisor to some of the biggest names in the internet world. He shares his knowledge gained over the last 25 years at his Living Trust Secrets newsletter site: click here=========>http://www.LivingTrustSecrets.com

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If you do use the material please send us a note so we can take a look. Thanks.

Pop Quiz Commercial Real Estate Investing

I read once that if you took all the real estate lawyers in Illinois and laid them end to end along the equator - it would be a good idea to leave them there. That's what I read. What do you suppose that means?

I have written before about the need to exercise due diligence when purchasing commercial real estate. The need to investigate, before Closing, every significant aspect of the property you are acquiring. The importance of evaluating each commercial real estate transaction with a mindset that once the Closing occurs, there is no going back. The Seller has your money and is gone. If post-Closing problems arise, Sellers contract representations and warranties will, at best, mean expensive litigation. CAVEAT EMPTOR! Let the buyer beware!

Paying extra attention at the beginning of a commercial real estate transaction to get it right can save tens of thousands of dollars when the deal goes bad. Its like the old Fram oil filter slogan during the 1970s: You can pay me now - or pay me later. In commercial real estate, however, later may be too late.

Buying commercial real estate is NOT like buying a home. It is not. It is not. It is NOT.

In Illinois, and many other states, virtually every residential real estate closing requires a lawyer for the buyer and a lawyer for the seller. This is probably smart. It is good consumer protection.

The problem this causes, however, is that every lawyer handling residential real estate transactions considers himself or herself a real estate lawyer, capable of handling any real estate transaction that may arise.

We learned in law school that there are only two kinds of property: real estate and personal property. Therefore we intuit if we are competent to handle a residential real estate closing, we must be competent to handle a commercial real estate closing. They are each real estate, right?

ANSWER: Yes, they are each real estate. No, they are not the same.

The legal issues and risks in a commercial real estate transaction are remarkably different from the legal issues and risks in a residential real estate transaction. Most are not even remotely similar. Attorneys concentrating their practice handling residential real estate closings do not face the same issues as attorneys concentrating their practice in commercial real estate.

It is a matter of experience. You either know the issues and risks inherent in commercial real estate transactions - and know how to deal with them - or you dont.

A key point to remember is that the myriad consumer protection laws that protect residential home buyers have no application to and provide no protection for buyers of commercial real estate.

Competent commercial real estate practice requires focused and concentrated investigation of all issues material to the transaction by someone who knows what they are looking for. In short, it requires the exercise of due diligence".

I admit the exercise of due diligence is not cheap, but the failure to exercise due diligence can create a financial disaster for the commercial real estate investor. Dont be penny wise and pound foolish.

If you are buying a home, hire an attorney who regularly represents home buyers. If you are buying commercial real estate, hire an attorney who regularly represents commercial real estate buyers.

Years ago I stopped handling residential real estate transactions. As an active commercial real estate attorney, even I hire residential real estate counsel for my own home purchases. I do that because residential real estate practice is fundamentally different from commercial real estate.

Maybe I do harp on the need for competent counsel experienced in commercial real estate transactions. I genuinely believe it. I believe it is essential. I believe if you are going to invest in commercial real estate, you must apply your critical thinking skills and be smart.

POP QUIZ:Heres is a simple test of YOUR critical thinking skills:

Please read the following Scenarios and answer the questions TRUE or FALSE:

Scenario No. 1:Its Valentines Day. You are in hot pursuit of the love of your life. A few weeks ago, she confided in you that all she ever dreamed of for Valentines Day was that her lover would show up at her door, dressed in a white tuxedo with tails and a top hat, and present her with a beautiful bouquet of flowers. Youve rented the tuxedo, but now you are concerned about how much money you are spending.

TRUE OR FALSE: Since flowers are pretty much all the same, it is OK for you to skip the roses and show up with a bouquet of fresh yellow dandelions.

Scenario No. 2: For several years you eyesight deteriorated to the point where you can barely see your alarm clock. You are now considering corrective eye surgery so you wont need glasses. Your sister-in-law had corrective eye surgery and has had spectacular results. She recommends her eye surgeon, but mentions the cost is about $5,700 for both eyes and that the surgery is not covered by insurance. A few years ago, you had surgery to correct your hemorrhoids and it cost you only eight hundred bucks.

TRUE OR FALSE: Since surgeons all went to medical school and are all medical doctors, you are being frugal and wise by asking the surgeon who performed your hemorrhoid surgery to perform your corrective eye surgery.

Scenario No. 3:Several years ago, when you first got married, you asked a former classmate who is a lawyer to represent you in the purchase of your townhome. The cost was only $375. A year later, you started a family and decided you needed a Will. The same attorney prepared Wills for you and your wife for a total cost of $700. You started your own business and your attorney friend formed a corporation for you and charged you only $600 plus the cost of the corporate minute book. Years later, when your son was arrested for misdemeanor reckless driving, your attorney friend handled the criminal case and got your son off with supervision for only $1,500.

Your business has been successful and you have built a pretty sizable nest egg, but you are tired of working for every dime and want to try investing in real estate. You have your eye on a strip shopping center. It includes a grocery store, bank, hardware store, dry cleaners (on a month to month tenancy), a couple of fast food restaurants, a gift shop, dental office, bowling alley (with a lease about to expire), and wraps behind a gas station/mini-mart on the corner. The purchase price is $8,000,000, but the net operating income looks pretty good. You figure if you turn the bowling alley into a full service restaurant/banquet facility, and convert the dry cleaners into a 24-hour coin laundry, the net operating income will increase and the shopping center will turn into a spectacular investment. You plan to pull together much of your life savings and put down $2,000,000 to buy this strip shopping center, borrowing the balance of $6,000,000. You remember that your lawyer friend handled the purchase of your home several years ago, so you know he handles real estate.

TRUE OR FALSE: Commercial real estate is the same as residential real estate [Hey, its all dirt, isnt it (?)], so you are being a shrewd businessman by hiring your lawyer friend who will charge much less than a lawyer who handles shopping center purchases several time a year. [What is this due diligence stuff anyway?]

ANSWERS:

If you answered TRUE for any of the foregoing Scenarios

STOP!
The Quiz is over.

Please find a quite place to reflect upon your life and consider whether the decisions you make consistently give you the results you desire.

If, on the other hand, you understand that the answer to each of the foregoing questions is FALSE, I am available to help you in Scenario No. 3.

For Scenario No. 2, you should follow your sister-in-laws suggestion and contact her eye surgeon, or some other eye surgeon with equal skill.

For Scenario No. 1, you are on your own. [But, if you answered TRUE for Scenario No. 1, you may be FOREVER on you own.]

Investing in commercial real estate can be profitable and rewarding but it requires good critical thinking skills and competent counsel.

You have a have a brain. It is strongly recommended that you use it.

R. Kymn Harp represents investors and developers of commercial and industrial real estate, primarily in Illinois and Indiana. He has been practicing law for nearly 30 years and is currently a partner in the Chicago, Illinois office of Arnstein & Lehr LLP, one of the oldest law firms in the Midwest. Mr. Harp is a frequent speaker at educational forums involving the development, financing, and sale of commercial real estate, and has written and published numerous articles on a wide range of real estate topics. He also frequently writes for the Illinois Institute of Continuing Legal Education. R. Kymn Harp can be contacted at Arnstein & Lehr LLP, 120 S. Riverside Plaza, Suite 1200, Chicago, IL 60606 Dir. Ph. 312-876-6907; email: rkharp@arnstein.com For more information go to http://www.realestate-law.com

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The Lowdown on Windows XP Slowdown

Remember when your system was brand new and you were amazed on how fast it ran. Then over time it gradually slowed down to slow crawl. There are several reasons for this lack of performance which include: viruses, spyware, adware, system memory management.

Protecting your computer from viruses is fairly straight forward. If your system connects to the Internet, network, or has access to removable media, you absolutely need anti-virus software running at all times. This program must have up-to-date virus definition; which is basically a list of the most current viruses that gives the anti-virus program a means to identify the threat. Finally, to insure a virus free system a scheduled weekly full system scan that looks at the entire file system for threats is required.

To avoid spyware and adware refrain from downloading shareware and freeware program. Also be careful about downloading music. Many music downloads contain spyware. Its good to have a program that checks for spyware and adware, but its better to have an anti-virus program that also checks for these types of threats. That way you are only running one program that does it all.

Last but not least to maintain a high level of performance system memory must be managed. Your computer uses two types of system memory, physical memory which is fast and virtual memory which is much slower. Physical memory or RAM (random access memory) is attached to your motherboard. Virtual memory or page file is the amount of hard drive space that is put a side and used when your system runs out of RAM.

Windows XP requires a great deal of RAM to run efficiently. Most Windows XP systems are sold with 256MB or even 128MB to keep the cost down. But to run XP with more than one application open you should have 512MB of RAM. To check and see how much RAM your system has, go to Control Panel and click on the System icon. On the General Tab the amount of RAM will be listed. To check and see if your system requires more RAM use Windows Task Manager. To open this utility, press Ctrl + Alt + Del and then click on the Performance Tab. If the size of the PF usage (virtual memory) is higher than the available memory (RAM), your system will run slow and you need to increase the amount of RAM on your system to increase performance.

After determining the amount of RAM is sufficient there are a couple of utilities with Windows XP that should be run on a regular basis to maintain peek performance. These utility programs can be found by going to Start, All Programs, Accessories, and System Tools. First, use Disk Cleanup and remove unnecessary files to increase disk space. Then run Disk Defragmenter to enable data to be accessed faster from the hard drive. Finally, use a registry cleaner like Registry Mechanic. Registry Mechanic is an advanced registry cleaner for Windows that can safely clean, repair and optimize your registry in a few simple mouse clicks. Registry Mechanic can be downloaded from www.pctools.com.

By keeping your system virus, spyware / adware free and properly configured you can assure that youll never experience the XP slow down blues.

If you would like to find out more about the many services offered by City Looks Mobile PC llc visit our web site at http://www.CityLooksMobilePC.com

Subprime Mortgage Loan Fraud - How E-Discovery Can Uncover The Truth

"The subprime loan debacle will make it more difficult for borrowers to get mortgages and will cause U.S. home prices to fall this year for the first time on record", the National Association of Realtors said.

"The 2007 median price for an existing home likely will decline 0.7 percent to $220,300, the first drop since the real estate trade group began keeping records in 1968 and probably the first decline since the Great Depression," said Lawrence Yun, an economist with the Chicago-based association

With a few dozen of the big name lenders, New Century for example, either filing for bankruptcy or are in dire financial trouble... it seems as though the US Government is currently not willing to accept that this situation is a problem.

Despite those warning signals the leadership of the Federal Reserve seemed to encourage the development and use of ARMs that, today, are defaulting and going into foreclosure at record rates, said Chris Dodd, chairman of the Senate Banking committee.

As we saw with the Enron fiasco, it would seem that we should we be expecting to see a similar nightmare in the mortgage lending arena. The difference here is that people are not loosing their 401ks...instead, they are loosing their homes. As a result, federal regulators and legislators are trying to figure out how to help subprime mortgage borrowers who are facing foreclosure. In an effort to help homeowners, various State authorities also have opened fraud investigations against brokers and lenders for allegedly misleading home buyers about the terms and conditions of their loans. This fallout could potentially reshape the mortgage industry.

As more loans are defaulted on and as more lenders file for bankruptcy, there are various types of data may be considered as critical evidence in litigation. These types of data include:

• e-mail
• plain text and documents
• calendar files
• databases
• spreadsheets
• digital faxes
• audio files
• websites

For litigators, this information can help them prove any misleading, potential criminal, or fraudulent business practices by a subprime loan lender. Once an E-Discovery data audit process has started, and a computer forensics or data recovery service implemented, there are the several tasks to complete which provide the electronic evidence in a format which the client and lawyers will accept.

Jason Perry

For more information on ADR Data Recovery's Computer Forensics service, visit http://www.computerforensicsassociates.com

Estate Planning - Estate Taxes

Estate tax, or the death tax as it is sometimes referred to, is an issue often bandied about at election time. If the innuendoes of the sound bites are to be believed, the instant someone dies, the government collects a huge amount of tax from the estate just as a general principle. The specter of estate tax is looming in the corner of every hospital room in America, or so goes the story, waiting to deprive widows of their husbands hard-earned pensions and children of their college funds, if Mr. X is not elected to Congress or the White House.

While it is true that a decrease in estate tax benefits the wealthiest two percent of Americans, it is also true that only the wealthiest two percent of Americans are subject to estate tax to begin withat least under present law.

Estate taxes are taxes assessed on property transferred at the time of death. They are based on the gross estate, including real estate, insurance, trusts, annuities, cash, business interests, securities, and all other assets. The items are not assessed at their value at the time they were purchased, but rather at their fair market value at the time of death. For example, if you purchased a home for $50,000 in 1970 and the value of the property has appreciated in the meantime to be worth $175,000 based on sales of comparable properties in the same neighborhood, estate taxes would be assessed on the present worth of $175,000.

Once the gross estate is calculated, applicable deductions are subtracted from that value. Deductions include property that passes to surviving spouses, mortgages and other debts, and estate administration expenses. In some cases the value of operating business interests or farms may be reduced, according to the IRS, for estates that qualify. The value arrived at after deductions is referred to as the taxable estate. Lifetime gifts are added back in and an available unified credit is applied before the estate tax is actually assessed. The good news for most of us is that your taxable estate, as an individual, must exceed $1,000,000 for estate tax to apply, as the law currently stands.

The federal Tax Act of 2001 changed several provisions of the law regarding estate taxes. The rate at which estate taxes were assessed in 2001 was 55% of the gross estate less all applicable exemptions. The 2001 Tax Act began stepping estate taxes down gradually in 2002 to the present rate of 46% in 2006 and on down to 0% in 2010.

The premise behind the 2001 Tax Act is that some of the revenue lost to the U.S. Government through reduction and eventual abolishment of the estate tax will be recouped by capital gains taxes that your heirs will have to pay if and when they dispose of the property bequeathed to them. Prior to 2001, heirs automatically received a full basis step-up to fair market value on inherited property and did not have to pay capital gains tax when they sold the property. At present, heirs do not enjoy that benefit. If, for example, you paid $60,000 for five acres of land in 1965 and you leave it to your son or daughter when you die. The son or daughter sells the land for $200,000 in 2006 and has to pay capital gains tax on $140,000, or the difference between what you paid for it at the time of purchase and the fair market value at the time it was sold.

Needless to say, estate tax issues are extremely complicated and, if you fall into the category of wealth that would require payment of estate taxes on your demise, be sure to discuss them with your attorney or other estate planner.

Ronald Hudkins is a retired U.S. Army Military Police member that was assigned as a staff researcher. He has coordinated with military and criminal investigators, set on court marshals and worked closely with the Staff Judge Advocate Generals Office (JAG). He has a keen sense of legal matters - their interpretation, initiatives and guidelines. For imperative financial planning needs he suggests his book Asset Protection and Estate Planning for All Ages. Additionally, he offers a Free Newsletter, Articles and Financial Newsfeed at his web site: http://www.AssetProtectNow.com

The NFL Draft and the Dallas Cowboys

One of the biggest days for the National Football League is upon us - the annual spring draft. The 2007 National Football League Draft will take place in New York City on April 28 and 29, 2007. As always, speculation revolves around who will be the number one draft pick for 2007. The Oakland Raiders have the first draft choice overall with the Detroit Lions, Cleveland Browns, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Arizona Cardinals rounding out the top five.

This year the Dallas Cowboys have the twenty-second pick in the first round of the draft with 10 picks in all, one in each of the seven rounds as well as an extra pick in the sixth and two extra picks in the seventh due to past trades. The team is hoping that seven or eight of the drafted players will make this years 53-man roster.

Building a team though the draft can be a hit and miss endeavor that takes skill, knowledge and some luck. Since their entrance into the NFL, as an expansion team in 1960, the Dallas Cowboys have done more than all right by the draft. They have consistently demonstrated an ability to choose talent in the draft which blossoms into a full-fledged all-star.

From their first participation in the NFL draft, the Dallas Cowboys have had success. The first ever draft pick in Dallas Cowboys franchise history was made in 1961 when the team chose, out of Texas Christian University, star defensive tackle and first draft pick overall Bob Lilly. Known affectionately as Mr. Cowboy, Lilly was the first Cowboys Ring of Honor recepient at Texas Stadium.

Selected by the Dallas Cowboys, Ed Too Tall Jones, out of the Tennessee State University, was the number one overall draft pick of the 1970 NFL draft. Jones had a successful career with the team as a defensive end and was named the NFL Defensive MVP in 1982. He is one of only three players to have played for the Dallas Cowboys franchise for fifteen years.

In 1977 the Cowboys selected, second overall, running back Tony Dorsett from the University of Pittsburgh. Dorsett made an instant impression in his first year, finishing with Rookie of the Year honors and a Super Bowl Championship. The success continued as Dorsett went on to rush for over 1000 yards in eight of his first nine seasons (missing the mark in 1982, due only to a strike-shortened season). He was elected to both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1994.

The Cowboys again found great success when in the 1988 draft, out of the University of Miami, they chose Michael Irvin 11th overall in the first round of the 1988 draft. Irvin spent his whole career with the Cowboys and is regarded as one of the best wide receivers ever in the National Football League. He is also the only player in Dallas Cowboys history to have the distinction of having played for each of the first four coaches of the team - Landry, Johnson, Switzer and Gailey.

In 1989, with the first pick in the draft, the Dallas Cowboys chose the projected no. 1 overall pick, UCLA quarterback Troy Aikman. Despite a slow start Aikman went on to lead the team to three Super Bowl Championships and was inducted into the Cowboys Ring of Honor as well as the Pro Football Hall of Fame

With the 17th overall draft pick in1990, the Dallas Cowboys chose running back Emmitt Smith out of the University of Florida. Smith would prove to be yet another outstanding selection for Cowboys football as he went on to set countless records with the team. He currently holds the NFL record in career rushing yards of 18,355 and is the only player in NFL history to rush for over 18,000 yards.

Through the years the Dallas Cowboys have picked wisely in the NFL draft and have had great success in choosing players who have gone on to become not only NFL all-stars but Dallas Cowboys legends as well. The team and their fans fondly remember all of these past players as is evident by the endless memorabilia available dallas-cowboys-apparel.com for these legends and all Dallas Cowboys fan favorite players.

Soon the speculation over who the number one overall pick in the 2007 National Football League Draft will be will come to an end as the players name is announced in New York on April 28, 2007. It is a given that the Dallas Cowboys have done their homework and are prepared to choose with careful consideration each of their ten draft picks. There is little doubt that some of the talents they draft will go on to become NFL all-stars and Dallas Cowboys legends.

Rick Bedard loves the Dallas Cowboys and he welcome's all of you to his new store devoted to America's Team.

Whether you're looking for a Dallas Cowboys Watch, Dallas Cowboys Apparel, Cowboys Merchandise or even if you're just looking to buy a Dallas Cowboys game ticket, you can't find a better place. Oh, we almost forgot, we also have a lot of products and information on the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders. No Cowboy site would be complete without that!

http://www.dallas-cowboys-apparel.com

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Children's Health and Nutrition

For every parent health of their children is the most important concern. Children are very choosy when it comes to eating nutritious food. They get attracted more towards junk foods like burgers, chocolates, ice creams, and chips etc. that never contribute in the nutritional intake but in fact cause bad impact on their health.

Parents normally get convinced by their children and get them all the things to eat whatever they demand not concerning much about their effects. And similarly children also are not aware of what they should eat and what they should not.

In the present modern society mostly people do not have a healthy lifestyle and thus they are getting more prone to diseases. As the childhood age is the actual age of growth and development and thus in this age essential nutrients are very important for the body.

Lack of such nutrients can abrupt the proper growth of the body and may lead to certain diseases sooner or later. That is why parents need to take special care when it comes to the health of their children.

Taking care of health does not mean that it results in overweight of their children by increasing their diets or underweight children by reduction in the required amount of diet in fear of obesity. Children should be given required amount of essential nutrients that is healthy diet.

For that they should follow diet-health-weight chart or nutrition chart strictly. The dieting program should be monitored by a physician. The pediatrician will guide you in controlling the eating habits of the child and will prescribe the healthy diet, which is very much essential for the growth of the child. Pediatricians and nutritionists are of great help in chalking out the healthy meal plan, which is liked by both parents as well as children.

Tips that parents can follow at home:

• Avoid bringing junk foods to home.
• Instead of giving chips, give your child crackers and peanut butter.
• In place of dry fruits, offer fruit roll-ups.
• Instead of offering ice cream, give them frozen yogurt. .
• Be little bit creative with vegetables, like mash the cauliflower like potatoes, add cheese to broccoli, and provide ketchup with pinto beans.
• Have stock of cereals, which are rich in fibers instead of sweet cereals.
• Replace high fat cookies with vanilla wafers, animal crackers, graham crackers and fig cookies.
• Replace chips, or cracker jacks with pretzels.
• Cook the meat separately if your child dislikes the meat with sauce.

Author is running a health information site http://www.peoples-health.com where information on several diseases like allergies, blood disorders, cancer, childrens health, digestive disorder, liver diseases etc. and tips on dieting, nutrition and improving lifestyle has been provided. Find some useful articles on dieting here =>http://peoples-health.com/children_nutrition.htm

Outdoor Camping Equipment

I have been outdoor rock climbing for years. Finding the right rock climbing equipment is pretty easy after you get used to it. There are so many people who review rock climbing equipment, and so many respectable sources in the area, that you can pretty easily learn what you need to take with you. Ironically, however, outdoor camping equipment is a little bit harder to find. Because camping gear is a little bit less specialized, you would expect it to be easier to pick out. You would expect there to be many different kinds of outdoor camping equipment that fit the bill. In reality, however, because it is less specialized there is a greater diversity of opinion. If you have never picked out outdoor camping gear before, you will probably be dazzled by the variety of options. Unfortunately, not all of these options will work.

The first time I took camping equipment outdoor on a rock climbing trip, I found this out the hard way. You see, I had decided to take no risks at all. I got the best outdoor camping equipment for rock climbing that I could find or at least what I thought was the best. I got a very well made tent that was certified for Arctic conditions. I bought a mummy style sleeping bag, and a lot of other survival outdoor camping equipment. Unfortunately, I made all of the wrong choices. Although the outdoor camping equipment that I got was really good, it was completely inappropriate for the purpose. It was too heavy, too hot, and too bulky. Having the wrong outdoor camping equipment on a rock climbing trip can be very dangerous. Every spare pound that you are carrying counts, so taking too much stuff up with you is always a bad idea. I learned the hard way the pitfalls of picking out the wrong outdoor climbing equipment.

This is why you should always pick out outdoor climbing equipment with the help of an expert in the area. If you are just taking an overnight in a place that is easy to get to, mild, and close to civilization, it doesn't matter. You should use whatever outdoor camping equipment you can scrape together. You won't have to worry about having the best stuff. If, however, you are going on a serious outdoor adventure, you should do some serious planning. When you're in the middle of the woods, remember, you can't go to back to the outfitter to get more stuff.

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What's the Most Popular Second Language English Speakers Choose to Learn?

A look into the language courses people are searching for online reveals some curious things.

Overture provides a research tool that allows web developers to work out what people have been typing into the search engines over the last month. Being involved in language teaching, I ran a search on the 12 July 2007. This isn't scientifically well founded research, but it is interesting.

Looking for what language courses people have been searching for, the top search is for English with 2,762 searches. Wow, remember these are searches in an English search engine. You'd have thought if someone spoke Spanish they'd use a Spanish language search engine wouldn't you? Maybe people just use what comes with their browser. Perhaps what this is saying is that people in English speaking countries want English language courses, so maybe that's not so surprising.

What comes next is a surprise too: Italian (2,160). There are about 61 million Italian speakers, and not much information on how many speak it as a second language in Wikipedia's list of languages by number of native speakers. Basically it shows Italian as 19th most popularly spoken language worldwide. So why is it the second most popular search? Perhaps Italian culture is well regarded internationally. Could it be Italian football, Italian restaurants, even The Sopranos that's driven this so high?

Next up is Spanish (1,266). That seems to make sense. For English speakers, Spanish is the world's next most popular language that's close to our own, and many of us holiday in Spanish speaking countries or work with Spanish speaking colleagues.

Quite a few people (792) would like to learn Japanese. The only person I know who learned some Japanese is an academic who, I fear, chose it in a narrow contest over Klingon as a dinner party curiosity.

The results from a search on "learn language" are different. This time it shows 7,788 wanting to learn Spanish, and the second most popular language (3,374) is sign language.

Now, there are lots of sign languages, including English and American which are mutually unintelligable, and very little information on how many 'speakers' there are for each, but the British Deaf Association thinks up to 250,000 people use some BSL every day. If Americans do so in the same proportion, that would make 1,238,724 daily 'speakers' which makes it slightly more popular worldwide than Bai, spoken in parts of China, and a little less popular than Makonde, spoken by the people of Mozambique and Tanzania. But that's unfair .. people are much more likely in the UK or America to come across someone who signs than someone who speaks Makonde. All of which makes sign language an interesting alternative second language to Spanish, French, Italian and so on. Just in case it's not clear, sign language is a proper language.

Another language I was expecting to see people wanting courses in is Chinese, given all the publicity about China being a burgeoning economy and all the trade we are doing with that country, but no-one seemed to want a Chinese language course. However, in the 'learn language' search, Chinese came up quite high with 3,374 seekers.

And the wildcard? Korean. 1,360 people a month want to learn the Korean language. I don't know why.

Les Holland is learning Spanish and loving every minute of it. After trying lots of different books and classes, he found something that really worked. And then another. And then he built a system all his own that really really works. And in the end, he brought it all together in Learn Spanish Fast biz so you could benefit too.

Pre-Money vs. Post-Money Valuation

When a company decides that it must raise capital, a key question that must be answered is how much the company is worth. For example, if the business needs $500,000 to get started and/or grow, how much of the equity in that company should $500,000 command? Once this question is answered, the company will go out and try to find investors. When doing so, a key question often arises as to whether the valuation is pre-money or post-money.

Before the money" or pre-money and "after the money" or post-money denote simple concepts. However, these simple concepts can even confuse even the most sophisticated analysts at times. If a company is valued at $1 million on Day 1, then 25 percent of the company is worth $250,000. However, there may be an ambiguity. Suppose the company and the investor agree on two terms: (1) a $1 million valuation, and (2) a $250,000 equity investment. In this case, the company may offer the investor 250 shares for $250,000. Immediately there can be a disagreement. The investor may have thought that equity in the company was worth $1,000 per percentage point, in which case $250,000 gets 250 out of 1,000 shares or a 25% equity position. Conversely, the company may have believed that the investor was contributing to the enterprise which was already worth $1 million. Under this rationale, the $250,000 would give the investor 250 shares out of 1,250 shares or a 20% equity position.

The critical issue was whether the agreed value of $1 million to be assigned to the company was prior to or after the investor's contribution of cash (pre-money) or post-money.

In the above case, a pre-money valuation of $1 million and a post-money valuation of $1.25 million were equivalent. Because mixing up the terms could significantly increase the cost of capital raised, companies must be sure to understand the two metrics and agree with investors to the metric that raises them the capital at the appropriate price.

Since its inception, Growthink Business Plans has developed over 200 business plans. Growthink clients have collectively raised over $750 million in financing, launched numerous new product and service lines and gained competitive advantage and market share. Growthink has become the firm of choice for venture capital firms, angel investors, corporations and entrepreneurs in the know. For more information please visit http://www.growthink.com or download our free Business Plan Guide.

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